A book by ROTARY/One historian Richard Harrison, with a letter from 2007/08 RIP Wilf Wilkinson

       HARRIS*MEANT    

ROTARY/One Historian & RGHF Senior Historian - Richard "'Titch" Harrison

A NOVEL HOMANYM

            Perhaps, THE WIT AND WISDOM OF PAUL HARRIS, paragraphs gleaned from Paul’s PEREGRINATIONS Vol. II 1935 and Vol. III 1937, MY TOUR OF EUROPE 1928, REPORT OF THE 1932 TRIP TO EUROPE and A VISIT TO GREAT BRITAIN AND SOUTH AMERICA 1934 (the unpublished PEREGRINATIONS Vol. I)  would appear more normal.

              As Paul  MEANT almost everything he wrote, my title adequately expresses the idea.  My only caveat lies in his claim to a willingness to flagpole sit for a sculptor. found in the HONORS section.  Jean Harris privately published Peregrinations Vol. II & III.  The rest remains in manuscript. 

                        My purpose in composing this work lay in providing Rotarians with a sampling of Paul’s long out of print travelogues.  For instance, club meetings could start with an appropriate quotation.  They cover a nine year period 1928-1937 a time in which the world saw great turmoil.  It includes the great depression and the rise of Japanese aggression and Hitler’s Germany. 

            I had the distinct pleasure of meeting and talking with Paul at the Chicago club in 1944.  His vigor and friendliness  impressed me.

            I  want to express my thanks to Candy Isaac, the Rotarian Senior Regional Magazine Coordinator for providing the materials listed above.  Robin Dillow, RI Archivist  also assisted..  And as always Dick McKay, Past President of Rotary/One ably facilitated. my efforts.  A son Brian Harrison, daughter Pamela Harrison, daughter-in-law Nancy Harrison, and grand-daughter Elizabeth Wheat slowly walked me through this work on my first computer, which I received for my 91st  birthday.  I became piqued only by the number of times I had to restart this work.

                                                TABLE OF CONTENTS

                        I have divided the work into five sections  The first section introduces ROTARY on page 3 .  Paul writes about many of the early workers  in Rotary.   Their home clubs would probably be interested.

            Paul considered PEACE AND CONFLICT extremely important., with the stress upon peace.  The period covered lies in the build-up to World War II , where conflict increasingly ruled.  .  Three items in the PEOPLE  section could also belong in this  section.  PEACE AND CONFLICT  begins on page  15.

            HONORS opens on page 25 .  He received honors everywhere he traveled.  Memorial tree plantings over much of the world traveling began to rival the Civilian Conservation Corps.  Only a small sampling of them show up in these pages.

            PEOPLE indicates Paul’s great interest in all people.  He would take long walks talking to almost everyone along the way.  He met his wife Jean on one of those walks.  I have not found  why a woman  from Edinburgh showed up on a Chicago Prairie Walk with a sewing kit..  This section also includes Rotarians world wide.  Look to page  28 .

            The longest section CULTURE  AND ECONOMICS stresses Paul’s more mundane side.  As an economic historian, I combine my economic theorizing within  the particular cultural level.  Paul appeared to do the same.  He showed his interest in reading leading economist of the day.  This last section starts on page  41 .  

            Some of the quotations will be followed with informational notes.

                                                      ROTARY

            “When a Rotarian travels abroad,  he bears the stamp of approval as a friendly man, and whether the country which he represents be considered a friendly country or otherwise, all who have been induced by the world-wide fellowship, is welcomed by all who have been induces by the lure of common ideal to enlist in the movement.  Friendship, the infallible anti-toxin of suspicion, jealousy and hatred, does its work and he is among friends.”

                        Peregrinations Vol. III p194 Rotary

            (Note)  One month after joining Rotary, I steamed into Pearl Harbor.  The USS

Lexington, my new ship, had gone out for a week.  That gave me a chance to attend the Hawaiian District 1941 Conference.  Because of my alleged expertise on youth affairs, Leo Rodby, the District Secretary, invited me into the Board’s meeting.  “Dick” Wells, RI President 1944-45 was the only other non-Hawaiian invited.

                Rotarians, Territory-wide , took me to the “Pau Wahini Club”.  I enjoyed the camaraderie immensely,  however for a young, unattached  Ensign, the “No Women Club” had its drawbacks.

            “The traditional policy of Rotary has been to keep out of political controversies on the theory that it would be impossible to arrive at a common mind and because it is the easiest in the world to engender bad feelings, which disturbs the progress of other tried and true measures for stimulating international good will.  I do not mean to say that Rotarians should refrain from the study of international affairs.  On the contrary, I can not imagine anything more important. …  (It) must always be held in mind that one-sided information is worse than no information at all.” 

                        GB and South Africa 1934 p20 Rotary

            “During all of the addresses I had been making in all countries  I had been trying to point to the fact that each individual Rotarian, where ever his country may be, whether he be a resident of an important coastal city where folk are constantly reminded of the fact  that powerful nations are ’over yonder’ or whether he be a resident of a small interior town remote from any probable scenes of trouble, has his part to play in Rotary’s program of promoting international understanding and good will and that he can play it by avoiding criticism, by not being too hasty in passing judgment, by speaking kindly of other nations, and encouraging other to do likewise; in short, by becoming an ambassador of good will.”

                        Peregrinations II p180 Rotary    

            “To my mind (singings) is a great advantage; it relieves tension, makes participation in other features of the meeting easier and gives everyone the satisfaction which comes from the feeling of having been an actual participant in the proceedings.  Even if a member has done nothing else than raise his voice in song, he nevertheless feels he has contributed something at least to the success of the meeting.”

                        Peregrinations II p 76 Rotary

                (Note)  Harry Ruggles, Rotary member #5, started the singing practice.  A couple of times, he saved the club by starting “Let me Call Your Sweetheart” when  tensions arose.  See THIRTY-NINE PIONEERS on  the Rotary/One web. 

            “After the planting I had a friendly talk with a minister who had attended the (Rotary Club) meeting at Parramatta (Australia).  He thought it an excellent meeting but thought that it would have been fine if the members had sung some song of international purport rather than the national anthem.  I gave thought to the matter and was in full agreement with him.  Rotary is an international movement, and I do not think that it would dilute anyone’s sense of patriotism if he were to sing a weekly song., the sentiment of which be acceptable throughout the world“.

                        Peregrinations II p131 Rotary  

            “I can not recall ever having heard any singing worthy of special mention in any British clubs except in Canada and Wales;  in fact, the British clubs have not favored club singing and meetings are as a rule conducted without it.  I remember there was a little of it in South Africa, but in Australia they not only sing well, even better, I would say than in the United States where singing has been a feature almost throughout the life of Rotary.”

                        Peregrinations II p95 Rotary                                                                                                                                         

            “Pursuant to our fourth object, Rotary has always encouraged the non-political coming-together of representatives of neighboring countries.  The meetings of the so-called petite comites of France and Germany and several other neighboring European countries, the conferences of the over-lapping districts of the United States and Canada, the conferences of Ibero-America clubs in Valparaiso, the clubs bordering on the Caribbean held this year in Havana, Cuba and conferences of clubs on the Pacific ocean, all have been productive of much good in promoting understanding.”

                        Peregrinations III p219 Rotary   

            “To begin with, I feel that it is the duty of all who can do so to broaden their perspective of life.  It is especially the duty of Rotarians to do so.  The sixth object can not have much meaning if we persist in remaining provincial in outlook.  Nor do I see how one can be truly patriotic without being intelligently patriotic.  I think that I love my country a dearly as anyone.  I yield precedence to none, but I prefer that my love be not blind.”

                        Europe 1932 p22 Rotary

            “Stanley (Leverton) spoke on his experiences with Rotary in Egypt and of the remarkable success of the Cairo club, notwithstanding its almost incredible conglomeration of races, languages and religions.”

                        GB and South Africa 1934 p11 Rotary

            “Rotary contends for its own special kind of aristocracy, that based on kindliness, neighborliness and friendliness, at home and abroad, now and ever.  But, has the word aristocracy place in a movement so essentially and avowedly democratic as Rotary?  Will Durant (American Philosopher) describes the democracy taught by Plato as democratic aristocracy and adds ‘We need not be afraid of the word if the reality is good which it betokens.’  Platonic aristocracy is not the aristocracy of heredity, of which we most frequently hear.”

                        Peregrinations Vol. III p218 Rotary

            “Is Rotary life a sacrificial life?  After having observed the workings in the life of thousands of men, I feel prepared to express the conviction that it is not a sacrificial life; that it is an abundant, well-rounded life, and that what seems to be sacrificial is in fact the contrary.  It involves, of course, a new orientation and a new appraisal of the elements which go to make up life.  One must, of course, abandon the idea, if he has it, that the acquisition and possession of things is the high purpose of life and substitute therefore the realization of the fact that the friendly and useful life is the only life permanently satisfactory. The application expressed in the slogan ’Service above self’ does not mean the restriction of business, it is far more likely to mean expansion of business.”

                        Peregrinations Vol. III p204 Rotary

            (Note)  Paul mentioned only men.  He did not live to see women members in Rotary,  I have the impression he could have been agreeable to that change.  Ches Perry, on the other hand, strongly objected, even to the suggestion.  As RI General Secretary, Ches had great powers over the policies.  Also, his first marriage went bonkers.  One year after retiring, he married his long time secretary, apparently giving him seventeen years of wedded bliss 1943-60.  The first seemed more of a blister.                                                                                         Many years ago, I wrote a letter to the Rotarian saying “I like having Women and Rotary, the energy is higher and  the speech is better”.  An editor changed it to “The speeches are better”. That, I can not vouch for its being true.

            “Rotary encourages the sorely tried businessman to conduct his business in conformity with the highest standards of the trade, with relations to  the public, his employees, and his competitors and to the regulations of his vocation; in fact, he must go the other mile, probably several of them.  He must take a broad interest in the affairs of his community and throughout the world; he must place service above self”.

                                    Peregrinations III p204 Rotary

            “Jean and I have warm spots in our hearts for old Mac (Paul’s gardener).  He asked me a question one day: ‘What is this Rotary I hear so much about Mr. Harris?’  I don’t think I have ever been more puzzled as how to make answer .  Finally I said: ‘Well in a way , you are a good Rotarian yourself, Mac’.  He said: ’Oh no, I am too ignorant for that.’  I said: ’You have one of  the main qualifications.’  He asked: ’How’s that?’  I said: ’I have noticed for years that you dig into your work just as fast when you don’t think I am in sight as you do when I am standing right over you; in other words ’You tote fair; that is Rotary’”

                        Peregrinations III p211 Rotary     

            “That big, fine, genial German gentleman (Honorary Secretary of the Berlin Rotary Club, but no name given.) unfolded to me a plan of systematizing Rotary secretarial work and of making Rotary comprehensible to busy men.  He had read, digested and preserved everything concerning Rotary that had ever come into his hands, and from it had prepared a card index so that he could answer almost any question conceivable.”

                        Europe 1932 p10 Rotary

            (Note)  DOES ANYONE KNOW OF THIS WORK?  In 1907, B. E. “Cupid

or Barney”  Arntzen member #26, the Chicago club secretary, devised a long term system.  He did not apply it to the 1905 and 1906 rosters.  The 1905 roster had only nineteen names and the 1906  completely missing.  Using “Barney’s 1907 and subsequent rosters, I resurrected the missing names.  A biography of the 1905 Rotarians is on the Rotary/One web called THIRTY-NINE PIONEERS under my name.

            “We have Herbert Coates , of Montevideo, an Englishman born and bred, to thank for providing the initiative for the launching Rotary in South America.

            “Herbert Coates (Don Heriberto) relates a story relating to his interest in South American Rotary.  The question generally asked Don Heriberto when the Rotary movement was first discussed was ’What are the Yankees going to get out of it; where do the profits come in?

            “When the purposes were eventually understood, Rotary was embraced with a zeal bordering upon impetuosity , but to establish the necessary confidence was a slow laborious process.

                                Peregrinations III p149 Rotary

                (Note)  “Red” Ramsey, Chicago club president 1910-11, reported  that Fred Tweed Rotary member #39 had almost the same experience when he recruited the New York club in 1909.  Fred spoke to a man named Bradford who asked  “Why do you spend time and money trying to interest us in Rotary, where is the graft in this for you?  Fred answered “The friends I would make  in this organization would be worth more to me than any money I could place on  it.”  Bradford was in.   

            ‘En route to New York we stopped off at Elyria, Ohio to see (Rotarian) Edgar Allen, the beloved founder of the International Society for Crippled Children, to hear a word of wisdom relative to efforts which we expected to make in order to extend his good work in South Africa.

            It is always an inspiration to meet Edgar, who has spent the last twenty-five years of his life without salary, and also a considerable part of his personal fortune in the promotion and care, cure and education of physically handicapped children.                     

            Most Rotarians know of Edgar’s movement as an offspring of Rotary, rather  than as a part of Rotary.  To my mind, however, this splendid humanitarian movement constitutes Rotary’s most outstanding offspring.  Had Rotary done nothing else than foster and support the Crippled Children Movement, it would justify its existence.  Crippledom, through the instrumentality of Rotary, has gained its bill of rights.”

                        GB and South Africa 1934 p1 Rotary

            (Note)  Dr. Clark W. Hawley, Rotary member #9, pushed aid to crippled children in the 1910 Chicago charity drive. In  1922, Paul became the first president of the International  Society for Crippled Children.  (Easter Seals)

            “How many know that under the guiding hand of (Rotarian) Edgar Allen (Elyria, Ohio) and mainly through the work of Rotarians, forty-two of the forty-eight states of the union and several provinces of Canada have established state or provincial societies to promulgate the crippled children work throughout the respective states and provinces.  How many know that the international society of which Edgar is head has held three conventions in Europe and gotten work of coordinating the European forces under way.”

                        Europe 1932 p9 Rotary

            ‘Jean and I received from America five packages of literature concerning the work of the International Society for Crippled Children before we left Cape Town and we distributed them about in the various cities where we thought they would do the most good.  We also interested the wives of Rotarians wherever possible in the establishment of clubs after the manner of the ‘Inner Wheel’ of Great Britain and others in America, and the adoption of the Crippled Children Movement as their major activity”

                        GB and South Africa 1934 p23 Rotary

            “When the history of Rotary is written, it should include a long chapter on the contributions of the devoted and gifted Bill Manier.  When the weather is fine, Bill less frequently appears; when turbulent storms threaten to engulf Rotary, the tall commanding figure appears, and men who have the cause at heart feel all will be well.  Bill Manier will have the helm in hand and no evil can befall us.”

                        GB and South Africa p2 Rotary

            (Note)  In 1920, RI president  Bill Manier from Nashville,, Tennessee considered Rotary International too pale. He introduced a resolution  to darken the membership..  It had to wait until Rotary spread around the world.

            “Ted Spicer’s conference opened the following day at Watford.  Ted’s salutation ’Welcome  Paul’ warmed the cockles of my heart.  American Rotarians love to be accosted by their first names when visiting abroad.”      

                        Peregrinations Vol. II p95 Rotary

            “As this is intended as a Rotary story, I shall not enter into detail of the congress. suffice it to say it served its purpose as the beginning of a world-wide movement.  The major part of the sessions were held in the Peace Palace.  The major part of the sessions were in French and were not understood by many of the American lawyers.  Lord MacMillan, Dean Wigmore  of America and several other English  speaking lawyers delivered addresses which were intelligible to the eager listeners from across the seas.

            “It had been intended to use the Filine System of translations, but the organizers finally concluded to use the small sum which remained after disbursements for an even more urgent purpose, in evening receptions, where it was hoped that there would be a liberal exchange of amenities between the lawyers of different nations.  Considered from a Rotarian view point, the exchange of amenities was not up to par,  The racial groups remained by themselves, the free and ample flow of champagne even failing to undue the confusion of tongues so inauspiciously begun at the tower of Babel.”

                        Europe 1932 p2 Rotary

                (Note)   This could also  be Peace and Conflict.

            “”Half way between Goteburg and Halsingboro, I was joined on the train by Baron Beck-Frills the consul of the Swedish legation at Washington who was vacationing in southern Sweden.  We had a very enjoyable visit en route, arriving in Halsingborg early enough to participate in a dinner at the hotel.  During the course of dinner, the Burgomaster, John Baath, informed me he was to take me to Sofiarue to meet the Crown Prince at ten o’clock in the morning and that it would be quite proper to wear a dark business suit.

            “On the way to Sofiarue the Burgomaster explained that he presumably would not be invited into the presence of the Crown Prince, but he would wait for me in the hallway.  The procedure was about as he foretold.  We were met by an aide de camp who ushered me into the presence of His Royal Highness who came quickly forward to greet me.  He was a man of about forty and possessed of a fine personality, tall and well-built.  We talked  a few minute on several subjects --principally  about Rotary -- and on my leaving he preceded me, opening two doors for me to pass out.

            “From the Burgomaster, I learned of the very high esteem in which the Crown Prince is held.  He is an honorary member of the Rotary club of Stockholm and occasionally attends their meetings.” 

                        Europe 1932 p15 Rotary 

            “A surprisingly large delegation met me in Tallinn, Estonia. It comprised statesmen, military and naval officers of high rank, and businessmen.  The president of the club, a banker, invited me to be his guest at his country estate during the brief period I was to be in Estonia.  The American consul gave me a friendly tip to the effect that I had best accept, and I gladly did so.  In less that an hour’s time my host, the consul and I were wandering along a path which followed the course of a river which drifted into the sea near my host’s property.”

                        Europe 1932 p12 Rotary

            “So far as Rotary is concerned, Chile (1937) is one of the most organized countries in the world.  That country now stands fifth in number of clubs, being ranked only by the United States, Great Britain and Ireland, Canada and France.  Chile’s remarkable record is due to the devoted and capable organizational work of that good pioneer Dr. Edwardo Moore, past vice president of Rotary International.”

                        Peregrinations Vol. III p99 Rotary

            “The proceedings (Rio de Janeiro) were in charge of a Rotarian especially gifted in dealing with children.  Was he an educator?  No, he was a retired army office of high rank, who found a new job for himself which was of great appeal.  I don’t know how the men in the ranks understood the chief during his years of active service, but I am satisfied there are at least three thousand kiddies in the supernal city who understands and love this master of military science.’

                        Peregrinations Vol. III p192 Rotary

            “Of the force working for better understanding between North America and the Argentines, high rank must be given the ’Instituto Cultural Argentino Nortamericano’ initiated by Dr. Cupertino del Campo as president of the Rotary club of Buenos Aires. That gifted gentleman has also served Rotary as governor of the district and in other ways too numerous to mention.”

                        Peregrinations Vol. III p137 Rotary

            “(In Hobart) I stated that though I had lived in Chicago and  traveled to all parts of the city at all hours of the night, I had never been either shot or shot at, to my knowledge, that I had never been held up. … As we were rolling comfortably along the highway not far from the city en route north, we saw a group of desperadoes with sawed off shotguns, revolves, masks and all of the customary paraphernalia, lined up along the road.  Of course, it was a hold-up.  They stopped our car, ordered us out and divested us of our Rotary pins, not forgetting to substituting other pins and then sent us on our way. Never again shall I be able to boast that I have never been held up - unless I add the qualifying words, ’except in Tasmania’.”     

                        Peregrinations Vol. II p106 Rotary 

            “Donato (Gaminara) also did sterling pioneer service for Rotary during a time when it was difficult to promote North American movements in South America.  He manifested remarkable ingenuity in getting around the ‘sales resistance‘.  When prospective members expressed their convictions that the United States was a money mad, lawless country, the last to look to for ethical leadership, Danato avoided the irrelevant issue and countered by saying that where the need of ethical leadership is the greatest,  there it was most natural that it would arise.

                        Peregrinations Vol. III p223 Rotary

            “At Geelong (Australia) I renewed acquaintance with John Buchan of the young  Australian league, many members of which visited the United States in the interest of better understanding some years ago.  He is now prominently identified with the Apex clubs, an organization of young men with objects similar to those of rotary.  The clubs are frequently sponsored by Rotary clubs.”

                        Peregrinations VII p109 Rotary

            (Note)  Rotary started Interact and  Rotaract in the 1960s some thirty years after the Australians

introduced the Apex clubs.  David C. Forward in A CENTURY OF SERVICE did not mention  Apex.

                “Viewed from a Rotary standpoint, our stay in Auckland was in many respects  the most significant of all visits in New Zealand.  It was Auckland that Rotary got its start in that country.   Gaining the interest of Sir George Fowds in New Zealand was as important an achievement, as gaining the interest of Sir Harry Braddon was in Australia.  The winning of these two men was an assurance of the success of the movement in the two Antipodean countries.”

                        Peregrinations Vol. II p156 Rotary

            “On Sunday I was quest speaker at the All-Australian broadcast from one of the principal churches of Melbourne, where musical and lecture programs are broadcast weekly.  I was thus enabled to deliver a Rotary message to many thousands outside the  ranks of Rotary.  Those who are not entirely satisfied with the exclusiveness of Rotary may find encouragement in the fact that Rotary audiences are by means of radio reaching all classes.”

                        Peregrinations Vol. II p103 Rotary

            “I must make special mention of one unique and significant Rotary club function which I was invited to attend.  It took place in one of the largest moving picture houses in the city, the use of which had been donated for the occasion.  There, one Sunday morning, I found assembled more than three thousand school children of Rio de Janeiro.  It was their Rotary day and they were to be entertained by special pictures, and prizes were to be awarded to those who had especially distinguished themselves in school work throughout the year.”

                        Peregrinations Vol. III p191 Rotary

            “The Rotary club of Santos (Brazil) is famed for its outstanding work in community service. Should it ever close its doors, it will be missed - but it will not close its doors, it has too many friends for that.”

                        Peregrinations Vol. III p172 Rotary

            (In 2008, Santos has 12 clubs.)

            “One incident will be of special interest to Rotarians.  The Professor of Greek (Cambridge) asked me if I happened to be familiar with the passage in Aristophanes written five hundred B.C. which read ’The Rotary movement is king.’  I had to admit I was not, but thanked him sincerely for the interesting bit of information.”

                        Europe 1932 p6 Rotary

            “Some sessions of the (Rotary) Conference which had been well advertised

 and at which speakers of note were scheduled to speak were well attended. On occasions the theater in which they were held was practically full.  Sessions devoted to discussions of practical questions of Rotary were not so popular.  Banquets, dinners, receptions and balls were always well attended and on such occasions spirits were high.”

                        Peregrinations Vol. III p115 Rotary

            “Down into the (Robert) Burns country I went to worship at the shrine of an immortal.  As I sat at the table where Bobby, Johnnie, Tam and their companions were wont to sit, the thought came to me, ‘What a wonderful nucleus for a Rotary club’.  There may be Rotarians to-day fired by the same deep love of their fellow-men, but there was one who by his inimitable genius was capable of making heart-beats felt through the centuries.  What a Rotarian he would have been.”

                        Europe 1928 p3 Rotary 

            “Is much to come of it, or little?  Time only will tell.  Pretty much everything is experimental in Rotary.  Some fond hopes are realized; some find favor in modified form, while still others fail for lack of enthusiastic leadership, or for lack of something which we call popular appeal.

            “By its failures as well as by its successes Rotary advances, but no worthy motives, if known, fails to register itself somehow, somewhere.  Possibly its influence may be felt in entirely unexpected places.”

                        Peregrinations Vol. III p223 Rotary

            (Note)   In 1937, Rotary had 4335 clubs and  183,000 members.  By October 2007, Rotary had grown to 32,693 clubs with 1,218,801 members.  The club size arithmetic  mean dropped  from 42 to 37 members.

PEACE AND CONFLICT

            “The writer (Paul) believes that rarely, if ever, are warring nations conscious of quilt, even though it be the case that all belligerents are acting like Bedlam turned loose.  If in time of war any citizen of a belligerent preserves his sanity, he had better not let anyone know about it.  If he stands out against the tide of public opinion, his name will be anathema throughout the length and breath of the land, and he will find small consolation in the fact that some day, if he lives long enough, he will be better understood”

                        Peregrinations Vol. III  p7 Peace and Conflict

            (Note)  This item has become my favorite.  I, personally, felt the wrath of disproval after engaging in very public 1967 & 1968  anti-Vietnam war protests in Chicago.  Few still condemn me for my “unpatriotic obsession “  I have outlived almost everyone.  

                “Peruvian Rotarians love to tell the story how the personal friendships between President Benafides, of Peru, and President Lopez, of Columbia, recently saved their respective countries from a bloody war with each other.  The war had been all set and war seemed inevitable.  There was but one chance that heads of the two countries might save the day.  It did  save the day; the war was averted.”

                        Peregrinations Vol. III p87 Peace and Conflict

            “If Upton Close is correct in his diagnosis of present European disturbances, commercial rivalries, the prevalent manias for empire building, and the spoils system are responsible for it all.  The countries of the western hemisphere are not interested in such matters.  None of the formulas for acquiring world supremacy, whether though empire building or through alliances of nations, have worked satisfactorily.  Aspirants for premier positions have fared poorly.  One would think that they would eventually conclude that it is not worth while; that a nation may occupy a highly respected position, even though not ranked among the mighty.”

                        Peregrinations Vol. III p104 Peace and Conflict

            “In Launceston (Australia) I received a carefully written letter from a man who might have been considered an extremist, but was he?  He wanted to bring peace to the world through the power of music.  … Clashing martial music is the accompaniment of all troops marching to war, funeral dirges on the return.  Suppose the order were to be reversed and the bands play the funeral music en route to war and their triumphal marches of their return. … It can lure men to destruction and to death.  Can it lure men to peace?

                        Peregrinations Vol. II p106 Peace and Conflict

            “The world has been hearing enough of international pacts, treaties and agreements.  They have more frequently led to  war than away from it.  Men for centuries had been trying to create the perfect alliance, one so formidable that all the remaining powers would be impotent against it.  Of course, to its creators such an alliance would always be fair and even benevolent in its dominations of world affairs, but the trouble is that countries outside the alliance would not share the optimism of those within.  Even assuming that the ’ins’ get along very well together, which is not always the case, as long as human nature is human nature, suspicions born of jealousy would soon build up a rival coalition and the nations of the world would be at war again.“ 

                        Peregrinations Vol. III p51 Peace and Conflict

            “(O)ne momentous act (Pan American Conference) provided that no nation belonging to the Pan American Union must (may?) interfere with internal or external procedure of any nation of the union. 

            “When boys play with smaller boys, the big boys are more likely to be the aggressors, and it is logical to assume that the framers of the resolution had the big boy in mind”

                        Peregrinations Vol. III p35 Peace and Conflict

            Note)  As the youngest kid at recess, I could shoot  marbles straighter than the rest.

 The biggest boy, a poor shooter, always went cahoots with me.  He got a cut  and I  got protection..

            “How clearly we see the faults of others and how obscurely, if at all, we see our own.  Who was it that drove the noble red man back from point to point in North America?  If nations were wise, they would not spend so much time pointing out the short-comings of other nations, and the world might get somewhere in the course of time.”

                        Peregrinations Vol. III p80 Peace and Conflict

            “I have lived long enough to have heard people of many countries, including my own, condemned as murderers and outlaws.  No epithet of opprobrium has been sufficiently scathing to express the frenzied feelings of enemy nations, but frenzies eventually wear themselves out and time reveals mischievous misunderstandings.

                        Peregrinations Vol. III p8 Peace and Conflict

            “The Maori’s (Australia) view of warfare is best illustrated by the following story told by New Zealanders.  It seems that two tribes had been fiercely fighting for several days, the advantage shifting back and forth.  Suddenly the firing ceased, whereupon the chief of the other tribe sent a small detachment under a white  flag to make inquiry of the enemy as to the cause of their unaccountable procedure.  The detachment returned with the sad news that the enemy had run out of ammunition.  The trouble was seen put to rights by making equal division of the remaining ammunition and the war was thereby continued.”

                        Peregrinations Vol. II p153 Peace and Conflict .

            (Note)   I assume that Paul Harris meant this as comic relief and probably fiction.

            “Versailles, and the sacred spot where thousands of American boys laid to rest, and the French peasants who were so happily harvesting their crops, had reclaimed their own, there were infrequent reminders only of the heartlessness of war.”

                        Europe 1928 p6 Peace and Conflict 

            “Will future generations prove as unwise as those of the past and destroy themselves in an effort to preserve what they conceive to be their rights, or will they be wise enough to profit by the experiences of the past and establish a new order of international operation.”   

                        Peregrinations Vol. II p79 Peace and conflict

                When problems of such importance to the parties most concerned are being treated by an observer, a slight deviation from the truth may do one or the other of the parties great injustice.  I therefore find myself inclined to avoid expression of conclusions in controversial matters and to confine what I say to that which, at least on the face of it, would not seem likely to give offense.

            “Proceeding in this manner, I may perhaps say I found myself as most detached observers would be in sympathy with the servient rather than the dominant element.  In other words with the weak rather than with the strong.”                                                   

                   GB and South Africa p24 Peace and Conflict

            ‘One of the great obstacles to international commerce is the lack of understanding of the law of various countries.  If lawyers can become, through the international congress, better prepared to advise their clients engaged in foreign trade the number of irritating episodes will be diminished.  The study of comparative law will naturally result in the removal of many needless obstacles and tend eventually to bring about a semblance at least of uniformity in commercial and criminal laws as well the laws pertaining to divorce.” 

                        Europe 1932 p3 Peace and Conflict

            “Past president Dr. Weigle, Dean of the Divinity School at Yale gave the sermon the first day out on the Pacific.  Afterward a group, including George Fitch, got together.  A Japanese named Miyaoka stated ‘… the greatest barrier in the way of establishment of friendly relations between the United States and Japan was the failure of Americans to understand the Japanese and too frequently also a disposition on the part of American to view themselves as a superior people. … Christian missionaries who in times past had seemed totally oblivious of the fact that the Japanese people had an entirely satisfactory religion of their own, more ancient than Christianity and to them just as sacred as Christianity could be to Christians.”

                        Peregrinations Vol. II p26 Peace and Conflict

            (Note)  George Fitch, Carlos Romulo and I met at the RI 1943 Convention.  The Rotarian ran a photo of us in the June 1943 issue.  You can find that picture on page 35 in my THE ROTARY LIFE OF CHESLEY REYNOLDS PERRY published 2005 by Rotary/One .

                “I am convinced that there is a way for the Western world to live in peace and unity with Japan and if we fail to find that way the fault will be as much ours as theirs.  We have been ingenious enough to accomplish great things in the fields of commerce and industry; let’s now use our ingenuity enough to devise new and effective means of preserving international amity. The style of some of the world’s most distinguished critics of international affairs would be materially cramped if they would study the history of their own countries.”

                        Peregrinations II  p78 Pease and Conflict

            (Note)   Had the world  listened to Paul in  1935, I would not have suffered permanently disabling Coral  Sea Battle  wounds  8 May 1942, nor would have had the pleasure of  joining Rotary/One.

            “En route to Shanghai we passed the place where Admiral Togo demonstrated the superiority of the Japanese fleet over the Russian fleet, the Admiral of which  expected to overwhelm Japan even in her own waters - something of a undertaking as the Russian admiral forthwith discovered.”

                        Peregrinations II p55 Peace and Conflict

            (Note)  August 10, 1904 the two fleets met in the fog outside Port Arthur, Kwangtung where Admiral Togo’s fleet annihilated the Russian fleet under Admiral Makarov, who went down with his ship, so he did not make a discovery of his defeat.  Meanwhile, a Baltic squadron  under Admiral Rozdestvensky sailed from St. Petersburg, around Europe, Africa and China, reaching Korea May 1905.  Meeting the Japanese, this Russian  fleet  promptly sank.

                One (Peru) Rotarian spoke of a movement, which had been sponsored by his (Rotary) club, to create public sentiment in favor of memorializing the sacrificial service of poor school teachers henceforth, instead of continuing to erect monuments in honor of war heroes. I complimented the club for advocacy of what seemed to me a highly praiseworthy project. … If by the means proposed the psychology of nations can be even slightly changed. Amen!  Of war propaganda, God knows that we have had enough, of education far too little.  Brass bands and statues for the teachers, say I.”

                        Peregrinations Vol. III p85 Peace and Conflict  

.               “The people of South American countries showed their next concern to make certain that they would always be free from domination of their neighbors to the north.

            “Their fears were further inflamed by the war between the United States and Mexico (1846-48 & 1916-4), which resulted in the annexation by the former of territory of the latter.  When will this end?  Did the U.S.A. have in mind the acquisition of all the territory within the Western hemisphere?”

                        Peregrinations Vol. III p23 Peace and Conflict

            “Who is there who has not heard of the ’Christ of the Andes, the titanic statue erected high in the mountains on the border-line of Argentina and Chile?  Pursuit to a resolution passed at the Rotary Conference in Valparaiso, a bronze plaque has been fastened upon the pedestal of the monument.  The plaque bears the inscription ’These mountains will crumble to dust before Chile and Argentina violate their oath of peace made at the foot of Christ.”  

            “Some of the more recent works in the United States display this emotional quality (Christ of the Andes), but nothing could be more lugubrious and depressing than the statue of a Union soldier in customary uniform and with the usual equipment, resting on arms on the top of a rectangular monument.  They are still seen in public squares in small towns of our country.”

                                    Peregrinations Vol. III p114 Peace and Conflict     

            “Vide the records of our country in Cuba and Hawaii and the more recent record in the Philippines.  There is not gainsaying the fact that some people of the countries of South America are still ill at ease.  The experiences of Mexico and Columbia are fresh in memory.  They would like to feel well of us; in fact nothing would give them greater happiness than to believe sincerely that the ’Colossus of the North’ would not intrude on their rights as a family of nations.”

                        Peregrinations Vol. III p50 Peace and Conflict

            “If we are not above indulging in flights of imaginations, we may perchance find our usually staid and unemotional selves raised to a sense of exaltation as we contemplate the coming of the day when the genius of men will all be directed to constructive undertakings and the roar of canons heard no more.”

                        Peregrinations Vol. III p118 Peace and Conflict

            “What remained of Panama after the raid of (Sir Francis) Drake (1540-1598) was completely demolished by his fellow countryman a true buccaneer by the name of (Sir) Henry Morgan (1635-1688).  Henry was said to be the last word in this line of endeavor.  What the boys in the U.S.A. were doing at the time I do not know; it looks as if they were missing opportunities.  One might go on like this for many a page, but what’s the use?  Then and now morality is international affairs could stand a heap of mending.”

                        Peregrinations III p54 Peace and conflict

            (Note)   Our boys (and girls) were slowly moving  westward  into more  Indian territory.

            “Wednesday forenoon I planted my first tree of friendship in European soil.  It seemed to me especially appropriate that it took place in Germany, in its metropolis Berlin.  The planting occurred in a sport platz formerly devoted to war purposes, and a large number including Rotarians, city officials and others were in attendance. … The tree was planted with the fervent hope that it would stand for many years as symbolic of the living, growing friendship between the great German people and my own country.”

                        Europe 1932  p11 Peace and Conflict

            (Note)  In seven years his hope for peace had withered into World War II.  Rotary had disappeared from most of Europe.

                        “Latvia is undoubtedly strong in its nationalistic aspirations and purposes.  To have a civilizations of their own, unhampered by domination from outside, is the Ultima Thule of their ambitions and in its attainment they are prepared to make any and all sacrifices.”

                        Europe 1932  p12 Peace and Conflict

            (Note)  The big boys of Europe, Hitler and Stalin, took care of those aspirations.

                “I wish that all American Rotarians could have had the experience which I have had.  I am certain they would have cemented the friendly relations which already exist.  All nations should be friendly.  Great Britain and America must be friendly, If Great Britain and America cannot live in peace and harmony, then there is small chance of the coming of the brotherhood of man.”

                                Europe 1928  p10 Peace and Conflict

            “The Dublin club gave me a Wednesday meeting, and in the afternoon it was my .pleasure to be introduced to (Ireland’s) President Cosgrave by a Rotarian who, in the presence of the President, said ’A brief period  has passed since the time when I was a British officer in Ireland, and this man, (referring to the President) was under the penalty of death.’ ’That’s right,’ said the President, ’and it may be interesting to you to know that I have just appointed to a judgeship the lawyer who prosecuted the case against me so efficiently that he obtained the death penalty.’  I remember a time-honored, but not frequently observed adjuration about turning the other cheek when smitten on the one”

                        Europe 1934  p3  Peace and Conflict    

                “The next event on our program was a journey straight to London.  We took seats in a second-class car for reasons partly economic and partly social.  I had told Jean much    of the interesting people I had met in second-class cars in British trains.

            The Vicar opened conversations of various and sundry topics and eventually launched into a subject he held very much to heart - disarmament.  In his opinion, no country on earth, his own excepted, had manifest the slightest intention to do its part; that England stood alone in this respect.  I asked him where he obtained his information and he answered ’The newspapers, why.?’ and I said ‘The American newspapers seem quite unanimous in the opinion that the United States is the only country living up to the faith  and that it might be necessary for all of us to make careful investigation of facts ourselves.’

            “The Vicar happened to step out of the compartment for a moment.  The young lady said, ’How sir, was it possible for you, an American, to exercise such self-restraint in the face of such preposterous statements as that man had been making?’  Then the Vicar returned. 

            “I listened with interest and without comment until (the Vicar) said ‘The world must never forget that Germany was responsible for the war’.  I told him if he had read the books of John Maynard Keynes, of Oxford (actually Cambridge)  on the subject, he said he had not.  At this juncture the excitement of the young lady exceeded the possibility of suppressing, contending ‘The sole responsibility theory had been thrown overboard long ago.’

                        The Vicar had not counted upon such spirited opposition and was glad to withdraw, while the newspaper lady and I exchanged lists of books which we thought might be helpful increasing our funds of information on the questions raised and on other engrossing political and economic issues.  The outstanding and to me interesting fact was that the English people, like ourselves, are hopelessly divided on many fundamental questions bearing upon the international relationships.”   

                        GB and South Africa 1934  p10 Peace and Conflict

             (Note)   Lord Keynes published “Economic Consequences of the Peace”  in 1919.  He served on the British Versailles Peace Committee  until he became disgusted with the attitude of vengeance .  He left claiming it would bring on WWII.   IT DID!

            ‘While in Melbourne (Australia) we met George Smith, the vice-president of the Goulburn (Rotary club)  and the warden of the penitentiary located in that city.  Governor Tom (Armstrong 76 Rotary District) had given us our choice between visiting George’s institution and an important manufacturing plant.  Being more interested in men that in machines, it was not difficult to make a choice.  George manifested much pleasure and was prepared for us when we arrived.

            “George’s administration is in keeping with modern penology.  To him the one possible chance is in the flickering light of hope,  and that he will never wantonly or heedlessly snuff it out.  George loves men, and the modern viewpoint was therefore easy for him to obtain.

            “He takes his job seriously.  Many visionary reformers, imbued with the same high concepts, had failed and the cause of reconstruction had been materially injured by their failures.  George felt he must not fail; too much was at stake.

            “George told me that it had been the custom of his predecessors to enforce discipline through brutality, that many prisoners had been kicked and beaten into insensibility by the guards.  I asked him what his own plan of dealing with ’jail breaks’ was and he said that there had never been an attempt to break jail during the years of his administration, that such a thing would be impossible, that if attempted by any inmate the others would rise up against him

            “He therefore guides the affairs of his institution with a firm as well as kindly hand.  Quietly, patiently, as well as unobtrusively, he studies the aptitudes of each inmate and eventually gains his confidence.  This one a lover of horticulture, this one carpentry, shoemaking, etc., etc., and in due course opportunity to indulge his inclinations comes to  each.  The flickering flame is thus kept burning.

            “Does George’s plan work?  Witness the sparkling eyes of the prisoner who gathered for Jean a bouquet of his favorite flowers.  There are several occupations, whether vocations or avocations, which seem to have extraordinary  remedial value.  Gardening is one.  While in Goulburn I learned that gardeners seldom become inmates of penal institutions.  Lawyers, bankers, brokers, and most other classes of business and professional men were found there in due proportion, but gardeners seldom.  Mother earth has a soothing effect on disturbed minds.

            “And music?  George told us an incident that answered the question.  A new inmate who had been committed for life proved to be the possessor of a marvelously  rich tenor voice.  With extraordinary feeling one day he sang to fellow ‘lifers’ ‘Lead Kindly Light’.  His effort was followed with a burst of applause which could not  be quelled  even after he had sung it seven times.  He consented to continue only on condition that they all join him, which they did, again and again.  The flickering flame of hope must have waxed strong, at least for the time being.  George knows what music can do for men and uses it.  Splendid concerts are being brought to the inmates over the air, even though there are those in authority who continue to believe that punishment rather than reconstruction is the high purpose of penal institutions and that one of the best means of punishment is to remove the offender from all civilizing influences.”

                        Peregrinations II p122 Peace and Conflict

HONORS   

            We were given a luncheon at the noon hour which was attended by Rotarians from Osaka and several adjoining cities.  When I entered the dining hall I was somewhat nonplussed to see another Paul Harris in bronze on a pedestal in the rear of the head table, but I soon recalled the fact that at the request of founder Yoneyama I had given a Japanese artist a sitting in New York some months previous; another demonstration of the promptness and efficiency of the Japanese.  The bust was presented to me, and Governor Murata promptly volunteered to ship it and all other disposable impediments to Chicago by his steamship line.”  

                        Peregrinations Vol. II p52 Honors

                (Note)  That bust  resides in the Paul Harris Museum in Vermont.  A second bust survived World War II buried in the sculptor’s back yard.  Rotary International  has recently deposited the second bust in its archives.

                “(Edinburgh)  Rotarian George and Mrs. Mitchell, Somerset artists, who came 400 miles on the chance of getting me to sit for a bust. Needles to say, I sat.  After that demonstration of zeal I would have seated myself on top a flagpole had it been necessary.”

                        Europe 1928 p9 Honors

            (Note)  Osaka, Edinburgh -did Paul leave his head anywhere else?,

            “During the  course of the reception I was the recipient of a very high honor from the Ecuadorian government; I was awarded the Order of the Sun.  During the course of our trip three other South America countries awarded me honors.  I consider them fine tributes to the Rotary clubs of the countries presenting them.  The Rotary which the officials of the governments of Ecuador, Peru, Chile and Brazil knew, admired and esteemed was the Rotary which was the result of the devoted efforts of local Rotarians.  Through them Rotary has proven itself.”

                        Peregrinations III p79 Honors

            “One detail of the (Santos, Brazil) planting which may not have seemed of much importance to others in attendance remains vividly in memory; it was the intense interest shown by one of the lookers-on in the fringe of the gathering.  His dress indicated he was of the working class, but his face lit up, as only the face of a Latin can light up, when he realized the purport of the proceedings.  Time and again his eyes met mine and each time they sent me a message of approval.  To me, he stood out for the time being as representative of the public, uninfluenced by Rotary or anything except the common bond of humanity.”

                        Peregrinations Vol. III p172 Honors 

            “Many of the visitors at Fairfield (Cotswold) go there primarily for the purpose of seeing the windows in the church.  They are said to be the best to be seen in England..  They also have the merit of great age.  When the villagers were appraised of Cromwell”s coming visit, they removed the windows and buried them in a field two miles distant.  A monument now marks the spot where they were buried.

            “At Fairford railway station we disembarked and learned that the little village was two miles distant.  We learned that the reason for locating the station so far from the village was because the village fathers at the time when the building of the line was in prospect had refused to permit it to come nearer, fearing that the trains would frighten the horses and in other respect become a nuisance.

            “I felt quit complimented when Mr. Walters and Miss Cornish (Inn owners) told me that the men of the village said that they didn’t know how they would be able to get along without me.  It was a satisfaction to feel that it was possible to make one’s self so perfectly at home in that bit of ancient England.  If he will have trouble, he can have plenty.  If, on the other hand, he prefers the good will of his fellowmen, it is readily available.”

                        GB and South Africa 1934 p6 Honors

            (Note)   I had that feeling of being honored  by Paul when I met and talked to him in 1944.  He had that knack  of  making one feel like the complete center of attention

                “As a Lawyer, it was interesting to see and an honor to meet the judges of the (Brazilian) Supreme Court and members of the bar; as a civic-minded citizen of the U.S.A. it was a pleasure to address briefly the chamber of commerce; to make a radio broadcast translated  into Portuguese; to confer with newspapermen, and as a Rotarian  to be received in several delightful Brazilian homes in and about Rio; to attend Rotary club meetings and special luncheons and dinners; to plant a tree in the horticultural gardens, and again be honored in being decorated by the government in in recognition of the value of Rotary‘s contribution to. civic welfare in Brazil.”

                        Peregrinations III p191 Honors  

            “While I attended and greatly enjoyed all of the events of the (Valparaiso, Chile) conference, there was one that I shall remember with deeper satisfaction than any other. … An unusual feature of the planting was the fact that the delegates from the various countries each brought with him a sack of soil from his own country and solemnly emptied it in the hole dug for the tree.

            “Personally I have always, from the day of planting of the Walter Drummond tree, in my friendship garden, thought well of tree plantings as symbols of good will.“

                        Peregrinations Vol. III p116 Honors

            (Note)  Now, I wonder if some of that soil could have introduced foreign  pests?  Another form of outsourcing.

            “Our reception was more formal then usual.  A large group of Rotarians met us and accompanied us to an imposing hotel appropriately named the Gloria.  A former president of the Rotary club of Rio de Janeiro read a dignified prepared address of welcome to us in a spacious and dignified reception room.  Had we been prominent figures in the world of human affairs, we might possibly have felt a sense of elation in being so highly honored, but being ordinary people and cognizant of the fact, there was always a feeing that we were honored beyond our deserts and that a full and frank statement of what we really were might be in order.”

                        Peregrinations Vol. III  p183 Honors

            “In the grounds of the Imperial Hotel (Japan) (RI) President Bob (Robert E. Lee Hill) and I planted a memory tree.  To me it was an inspiring ceremony, this planting by two Americans, one a southerner and one a northerner, in far away Japan.  Had we commemorated the occasion in song, what would it have been- Dixie?  Righto Bob.  The southern battle song sounds good to all of us, even those of us from parts far north of the Mason and Dixon line.”

                        Peregrinations II p47 Honors  

            “Wherever I went thenceforth I was fined. At East London my half crown was withdrawn form circulation, framed along with my photograph and hung up as a warning to future visitors.”

                        GB and South Africa 1934  p6 Honors

            (Note)  Only once have I  been so honored, in Tucson  Arizona.  But, they left the two bucks anonymously in circulation.

            “Our first scheduled meeting was in Brisbane, and who do you think was the first familiar face?  Fred Birks, former Second Vice-president of Rotary International and sometimes called ‘Grand Old Man of Rotary in Australia”.  He had come six hundred miles to meet and to great us and was on the dock waiting at an early morning hour.  Wonderful, Fred.  During our entire month’s stay in Australia, Fred’s watchful care was with us.”

                        Peregrinations Vol. II p85 Honors

PEOPLE

            “While in Lima and Callao we were to be in the hands of Fernando Carbajal, governor of the 71^st  district of Rotary International, who had joined us further north.  Governor Carbajal is a personality not soon forgotten.  He is vigorously erect and bristling with energy.  Not overly tall, he wears a soft hat with a crown extended high, and he cocks it to the side.  I know not why, but it always seemed to me to add a bit to his appearance of alertness and efficiency.  He seems at all times ready for any emergency.”

                        Peregrinations III  p84 People

            (Note)  At the 1943 RI Convention , Tom Davis, the RI President 1941-42, invited me to the RI Board’s party.  I remember  Fernando kidding the North Americans about mispronouncing  Lima.  Tom knew my father at the University of Michigan 1910-12.   

            “After a meeting an informal group of us gathered at Fred’s (Grey) house and discussed primarily the tariff.  It was the old, old story told in the old, old way.  Protectionists withstood the onslaught of the free traders; then right about.  Everyone talked and not one listened.  No one succeeded in convincing anyone of anything.  It would be my estimate they stood about eight in favor of the tariff, but one free trader was given the floor most of the time.  I said ’given the floor’; perhaps I should have said he took it.”

                        GB and South Africa 1934  p18 People

            (Note)  From Paul’s several remarks about modern economists, I felt certain that he did not adhere to Mercantilism.  Could he have MEANT ’I took the floor?‘ 

                “At Rugby the tradition is held so sacred that things are left generation after generation very much as they were.  Everywhere  the spirit of Dr. Arnold is in evidence.  Head Masters have come and gone;  illustrious names are included in the list, but the one that eclipses them all is that of  Dr. Arnold.  What he was to Tom Brown, (“Tom Brown’s School Days” by Thomas Hughes) he is also to those who have come since.  Perhaps no institution of learning has ever been so dominated by the spirit of any one man.”

                        GB and South Africa 1934  p18 People

            “The Glasgow meeting was a real feast, and will be memorable because of the intrusion of Sir Harry Lauder during the course of my address.  Of course, the word ’intrusion’ is not correct, as Harry’s presence could never be an intrusion, but it is the only word which my limited vocabulary afford at the minute.  I stopped to shake hands with Harry and then resumed.”

                        Europe 1928  p9 People

            (Note)  Harry Lauder, a famous Scottish  folk singer and Rotarian  Glasgow, Scotland..

                Harry Hanson and two other Ipswich friends and  I arrived in their city after a drive from Harwich, first visited the White Horse Inn and had the pleasure of being admitted to the very room where Mr. Pickwick, dressed in night gown and night cap, had his mortifying experience with the elderly spinster.”

                        Europe 1934  p3 People

                (T)here is no doubt in my mind that if (University of Sidney) President Wallace’s speech delivered before Rotarians at the Edmonton conference, could  have been the keynote speech at Versailles and had been treated as such, the peace of Europe would have been restored instanter.  I am, of course, not unmindful that another who had been a college president (Woodrow Wilson)  did express with equal clarity, the principle upon which sentiments were swept into oblivion by the tide of passionate and revengeful nationalism which no force on earth was strong enough to withstand.”

                        Peregrinations Vol. II  p179 People

            “Were we the Jean and Paul Harris who left our home so brief a period of time in the past; or are we new, a broader-visioned and wiser twain?  We felt that we could truthfully say that we were not the same and that we never could be the same again.  Life had taken on new perspectives, and we wish that it might be possible for all our friends and neighbors to enjoy experiences such as we had enjoyed.  That being impossible, we resolve to do all within our power to correct false impressions of our neighbors and other Americans; to be, in short, their ambassadors of good will.

                                    “We felt that our faith in our own country had not been in any respect shaken or diluted through our immeasurably increased respect for our neighbors.  We were not less American, rather more so; more sanely, wisely American than we had been.  We love our country, but realize more fully than ever that true patriotism never demands disrespect of the country of another, any more than devotion to members of one’s family calls for disrespect of the members of other families.”

                        Peregrinations Vol. III p213 People    

            “No nation wants to be set right through the gratuitous criticisms of visitors.  I love America, but am powerless to teach its principles by word of mouth while traveling abroad.  If I am decent, kindly, considerate, it may be possible that I can make friends for my country through cultivating friends abroad.  An unwise traveler is he who criticizes the customs of other countries and constantly draws comparisons favorable to his own, a despicable as well as unwise traveler is he who is constantly running his own country down.  But, while traveling abroad, I am privileged to keep my eyes wide open, my mind unprejudiced in the hope that I may be able to take back to my own people some of the results of the experimentation of others in the hope that they may somehow be made to contribute to the enrichment of life in my own beloved country.”

                        Europe 1932  p6 People 

            His (Harry L. Foster) experience with tourists on a certain liner convinced him that most of them at the beginning of their voyage were entirely ignorant of the countries they were to visit and that their condition was not materially improved on their return.  To Mr. Foster, it seemed that most of them were not only ignorant of conditions in South America, but were also proud of the fact.”

                        Peregrinations Vol. III p24 People

            “When I talk to North American travelers in South America and am brought to the realization of the fact that they have learned little of the lives of the people, and after all it is the people who count.  I think myself fortunate indeed of being a member of a great worldwide organization made up of men who are glad to open their homes to Jean and me.  One may see the mountains, rivers and lakes, and still what matters it if he fails to become acquainted with the people. …  Their pleasure and usefulness would be still further enhanced if they would make a study of the development of Rotary in the countries to be visited.”

                        Peregrinations Vol. III p86 People

            “Another expression of Uruguayan sentiment is to be found in an amazing monument erected in one of their own parks, the work of an Italian immigrant who has spent years on the plains of Argentina and Uruguay.  No North America who knows and loves the prairies of our great western country and who knows and appreciates the character of our pioneers who suffered untold hardships to make homes for themselves in the vast open spaces, can fail to respond to the sentiment which inspired the artist to mold the figures which comprises Montevideo’s artistic masterpiece, the Carreta. (Prairie Schooner)                 

                        Peregrinations Vol. III p159 People

            “The citizens of Bundagai, Australia, also have memorialized the spirit of the hardy pioneers in a monument, the crowning piece of which is a bronze effigy of a belligerent camp dog sitting upon and guarding the ‘Tucker Box‘, that is, the box containing the valuables of the pioneers, against all possible aggressors on an unexplored and lawless frontier.”

                        Peregrinations Vol. III p160 People

            “Among the passengers in our (railroad) car, a poorly dressed man of fifty-five or sixty years of age curled up on his seat dozing, at times soundly sleeping. He might have been taken for a laborer, and that he was not so long ago, so my friends told me.  He then was a poor Italian immigrant seeking to make a place for himself in a strange land.  My friends told me he is now one of Brazil’s millionaires.  When we approached our destination he opened both eyes, smiled and prepared to get off.  He had not forgotten how to sleep curled up in a bow knot.”

                        Peregrinations Vol. III p174 People

            “Immigrants (Argentina) were met at the boat by competent and kindly officials, who ascertain their ambitions and needs, informed themselves as to the experiences and adaptabilities of the immigrants, with the end in view of placing them where their families would have the chances of success, rather than leave them unacquainted with prevailing customs and languages, to the tender mercies of avaricious land sharks, who might sell them farms on which nothing could be raised except dust storms”

                        Peregrinations Vol. III p146 People

            “Only once did our guide (Buenos Aires) give expression to a thought that even  savored pride.  On that occasion he stated that a certain street, the Rivadavia, on which we were traveling was the longest in the world, fourteen miles.  I could not find in my heart to tell our courteous and kindly guide that Halsted Street extends twenty-eight miles within the city limits of Chicago.  I might here state that our guide was no exception to the rule in his avoidance of boastful claims.  What a quality that is; how helpful in the promotion of international understanding and good will, and how indicative of good breeding.”

                        Peregrinations Vol. III p130 People

            “… in  the words of Clayton Cooper: ’We must not forget that in some respects South Americans are superior to  us’ came up for review and a flood of dependent thoughts thereafter; notably, how can it be said that the people of any country are superior to the people other counties?  Where is one to find a yardstick with which to make measurement?  If the attainment of happiness is the supreme objective of life, then perhaps all civilized ways are abortive.  But, to relapse into savagery is unthinkable.”         

                        Peregrinations III p196 People 

            “Sr. Cabera, the big sergeant-at-arms of the Santos (Brazil) club, ushered me into the dining hall with abundant ceremony and charming grace. … He is everyone’s servant at the Rotary club meetings.  Possibly the element which contributes most to the enjoyment of the members is the incongruity of stepping down out of the serious picture and being a boy again.  It isn’t everyone who can do it; some would make a mess if they tried.  Very well for them to maintain the dignity while those  more versatile continue to contribute to the delectation of the members, some of which need a little levity.”  

                        Peregrinations Vol. III p171 People

            “Brazil has the distinction of being the only country in the Western hemisphere which has actually been the seat of an European government, a distinction for which Napoleon is to be thanked.  The ambitions of that monarch having included the conquest of Portugal.  King John the Sixth concluded it advisable to establish his government in Brazil and keep it there until the European storm subsided.

            “Peter the Second was the last of the dynasty, though his daughter, Princess Isabella, acted as regent during the absence of Peter on a visit to Portugal.  Isabella was not adverse to the assumption of authority,  and she seized the opportunity presented by the King’s absence to abolish slavery without compensation to the slave owners. … the deed was done expeditiously and without bloodshed.”

                        Peregrinations Vol. III p165 People

             (Note)  The slave trade was abolished in 1850, she gradually eliminated the practice by 1871.  Finally in 1888, she legally abolished it.

                “During the journey we made frequent stops at small cities in Peru and Chile, and Jaime (Linares of the Lima club) was always at the foremost acting as interpreter.  Whether he understood what I had to say or not seemed to make no difference.  He always told them something; he was always eloquent.  I thought I saw tears glistening in the eyes of some in the audience at the terminations of his remarks.  They all gasped my hand warmly and some seemed inclined to embrace me. … I have often wished that it might have been possible for me to learn what Jaime did say.”

                        Peregrinations Vol. III p92 People

            (In Antofagasta, Chile)  “… we assembled for a group photograph and I incidentally was taught a lessen I shall remember.  The photographer was exceedingly unhappy about something and it soon became clear that I was the cause of it.  He ran back and forth from me to the camera, talking to me both coming and going.
I could not understanding him and no one saw it fit to explain his trouble.  As time passed he became more excited until finally in his desperation he gave me an imitation of my unsatisfactory posture.  I saw the point and straightened up to his great joy. … Never again shall I sit before a camera without assuming proper posture.”

                        Peregrinations Vol. III p94 People

            (Note)  Too often , I have heard upper business and professional managers say “We don’t dare admit mistakes.”  Paul could.

                “American sightseers do not ordinary include Bogata (Columbia) in their itineraries unless they fly from one of the port cities or love adventure.  I am a member of an organization in the Chicago area known as the Prairie Club.  The two thousand members, young and old, male and female, make expeditions to all parts, climbing mountains,  fording streams and camping out wherever night overtakes them.  To the Prairie Clubbers the prospect of a trip to  Bogata mule back would be glad tidings but the average tourist is not of that class.

                                Peregrinations Vol. III p67 People

                (Note)  Paul met his future wife Jean from Edinburgh on a Prairie walk.  He ripped his jacket on some barbed wire.  Jean, the ever prepared, had a sewing kit and quickly repaired the clothing.  That  also repaired their single lives.

                “While it is generally something of a shock to Americans when their eyes first light upon their hotel bills in countries of  depreciated currency, it was more than severe in our case, when we were  presented  with our bill at the Hotel Aster in Valparaiso.  To be charged fifteen hundred  of anything dignified by the name of money for a few days accommodations at a middle class hotel would at first blush seem a devastating calamity. … but second thought brought to my mind the fact that someone had stated that  twenty Chilean pesos was the equivalent of one dollar only, and when I got around to divide fifteen hundred by twenty, temperature returned to normal.”

                        Peregrinations Vol. II p118 People

            (Note)   Teaching  MONEY and BANKING was my favorite  course.  In 1922, Sir Dennis  Robertson  wrote a book called MONEY.  He started each chapter with a quotation from ALICE THROUGH THE LOOKING-GLASS, then went on to prove it  with  monetary theory.

                “A South American friend told me ’Your high pressure salesmanship goes against our grain.  Your traveling salesmen rush into our cities, capture all of the orders they care to obtain, and then away again without having shown the slightest interest in our South American institutions, of which we are proud.  Visitors from France, Spain and Italy and other European countries are generally cultured people- artists, university professors, etc. who contribute to it through music, lectures and interchange of thought with little, if any considerations of what they are to get out of it.

            “Sentimental bonds have definite commercial value.  We like to patronize those whom we admire, who understand us and are interested in us.”

                        Peregrinations Vol. III p19 People

            “It might be a step in the right direction for some patriotic organization to extend an invitation to the publishers of the newspapers of  Buenos Aires for an extended visit to the United States, where they can enjoy the hospitality of American homes, make observations and form judgments of their own.  Such a trip would, I venture to say, revolutionize their ideas as to what constitutes realism in the United States.”

                        Peregrinations Vol. III p137 People

            “George Santayana, Spanish American poet, philosopher and educator, says that the purpose of art is happiness and of happiness surely there never can be an over supply.”

                        Peregrinations Vol. III p188 People          

          “From ‘The Conquest of Happiness’ by Bertrand Russell the following is gleaned ‘Competition considered as the main thing in life is too grim, too tenacious too much a matter of taut muscles and intent will to make a possible basis of life.  In the work crowd you will see anxiety, excessive concentration, dyspepsia, lack of interest in anything but the struggle, incapacity for play, unconsciousness of their fellow creatures.’”

                        Peregrinations Vol. III p216  People

            “In my boyhood days in New England I once found a ten cent piece in some rubbish back of a village store.  I can’t think of any event that struck me more forcibly.  The astonishing fact was not the finding of the dime, but the fact that someone lost it.  How any Vermonter clothed in his right mind could ever have lost such a sum of money without its ever having become the talk of the town was an everlasting mystery.  The assumption was that he came by the money dishonestly and not let the tragedy be known.”

                        Peregrinations Vol. III p141 People

            “All things considered, I find myself inclined to believe with Fred (Birks) and Harry (Guthrie) that one is probably remembered more by the thousand and one little things he does and says in private than by his public utterances.  The main questions are ‘What kind of a person has he proven to be?  Is he earnest, sincere, purposeful?  Is he interested in the important problems which confront civilizations? Does he earnestly desire to do his bit to the end that this world becomes a better world in which to live?  In other words, the undertaking is more than spellbinding.’”

                        Peregrinations Vol. II p184 People

            “In Council Bluffs (Iowa) an unexpected delegation of Rotarians led by Jack Perkins, the man chiefly responsible  for drafting Rotary’s ‘Code of Ethics’”

                        Peregrinations Vol. II p9 People

            “… the Institute of the blind, presided over by an heroic Rotarian Sir Clutha MacLensie, who lost his own sight during the World War (I).

            “During the course of an intimate discussion at his institute for the blind regarding blindness as an affliction he had said he did not consider the loss of his eyesight a great affliction; the loss of his hearing he thought might have been a serious matter.  I was reminded of Mr. Edison’s statement that his deafness was a refuge from noise, giving him opportunity to think.”

                        Peregrinations Vol. II p159 People

            “Ches Perry appeared beaming almost to the point of being radiant with jollity and good cheer.”

                        Peregrinations Vol. II p8 People

            (Note)   As the biographer of “The Rotary Life of Chesley Reynolds Perry” published  2005 for the RI Centennial., I can understand Paul’s reaction .  Paul remarked at one point that  “Ches was faithful to the last detail.”   Even Arch Klumph, who worked with Ches on setting up the Rotary Foundation claimed he could never figure out if  Ches liked him.  On 6 December, 1944, Ches and I shared  the speaker’s duties at the Chicago club’s new member’s banquet.  I do not remember of his speaking to me.   There is a good chance that  my talk did not  inspire  him.  After all, the club waited sixty-one years to give me another chance  at the podium.

                “One of my chief interests in Copenhagen was to make observations of the youth hostels movement in which Rotarians of Denmark have done yeoman service.  Rotarian Hempel, a young Dane of thirty-eight years of age, who is now head of a dozen different corporations, all of his own creation, drove me about in his district surrounding Copenhagen where we visited three of the youth hostels.”

                        Europe 1932 p16 People

            (Note)  After Ches Perry retired from his post as RI Secretary in 1942, he helped organize the American  Youth  Program.  An  hostel in Wisconsin was named in  Ches’s honor. 

                “The delegations who met us in Copenhagen impressed me as being extremely friendly, full of fun and not in the least formal.  The governor of the district said that I was to call him ’Chas’ and the president said to me he was to go by ‘Lindy’.  ‘Chas’ drove his admonition home by stating that I could not fail to remember his name, it was so like ’Ches’ Perry.  While ’Lindy’ said there could be no excuse for any American forgetting the name ’Lindy’.”

                                Europe 1932 p16 People

                “In Germany, the youth movement has gained tremendous proportions and in it is found one of the most hopeful features of the present distraught conditions.  It is my deep-seated hope that America will take her place in the front ranks of this movement which has already gained such a firm foothold in the countries mentioned and also Great Britain.  From tramps abroad, American boys would returned invigorated and strengthened and with a broader outlook on life.”

                        Europe 1932 p17 People

            (Note)  This report came out New Years 1932.  Thirty days later, Hitler became Germany’s Chancellor.   Gulp!

                “Some folk think that to speak ill of others is indicative of shrewdness and sagacity;  it is not.  It is indicative of superficiality and insincerity, and what is said is usually far from the truth.  Mr. Charles Kettering (GM,  invented the electric starter ) says that it is not what we don’t know that makes the trouble; it is what we know that isn’t true.”

                        Peregrinations Vol. II p180

            “I read an editorial in a Sidney paper.  It was a protest against a series of articles  on Australia and Australians written by a journalist who had spent a few days in that country and published it in European newspapers.  The articles were so flagrantly unjust that they could not have carried convictions to the mind of anyone who would take the time to think, even had the reader not experienced personal contact with the splendid Australian people.  The trouble is that people seldom do take time to think, and lies oft repeated take on the semblance of truth.”

                        Peregrinations II p113 People

            “The last event (New Zealand) to be reported was the Dickens Fellowship gathering, which I had been invited to address.  All seats in the Assembly Hall were filled when we arrived, and what a wholesome lot of people they were.  They were of both sexes and included young and old, some very old.  They were, of course, all lovers of the ideals which the immortal Dickens, better than any other writer in history, was able to portray.”

                        Peregrinations Vol. II p162 People 

            “The first familiar face I saw in Stockholm was that of Kurt Selfage and the second, that of his fine son Lief.  Both were at our home in Chicago only a month before I left there.  Kurt also was to attend the Geneva (Rotary) meeting, but he deferred his departure as long as possible.  Through some mishap Cooks (Steamship company) sent me to the wrong hotel while the American flag in honor of my presence was gracefully fluttering in the wind at the mast-head of another hotel.”

                        Europe 1932 p14 People

            (Note)  Paul complained  several times that Cooks spoiled his travel broth.  

            “As I was preparing to exhibit the contents of my baggage to the official at the wharf where I was embarking for Finland, the Admiral of the Estonian navy said just one word to the official and the proceedings ceased.  What that one word was, I do not know, but there was magic in it.”

                        Europe 1932 p14 People

            One of the drives will  linger long in memory.  It was to the home of Finland’s great architect, Mr. Eliel Saarinen..  It was he who won the second prize in the Chicago Tribune competition for their imposing and artistic building on North Michigan Avenue.  Mr. Saarinen was not present on the occasion of our visit, but his sister received us.  He was in America designing and planning the Cranbrook Art Center near Detroit.”

                        Europe 1932 p14 People

            “I recommend a visit to the Rotary club in Tokyo, Japan, where the far-famed ‘Kitty’ will demonstrate to his satisfaction that the serious-minded Japanese Rotarians are blessed with an abiding sense of humor.  I can see ‘Kitty’ in my mind’s eye; short and broad, dressed in an immaculate morning coat cut in the most approved Western fashion, dashing around doing things which seamed to him important.  The busiest of men is ’Kitty’; one look at his serio-comic face is enough to make a Sphinx smile.  As for myself, I made no attempt to restrain myself.  I laughed it out.”

                        Peregrinations Vol. III p170 People

            “George Fitch of the Shanghai Rotary Club met us in San Francisco.  George is a particular friend of Dr. Hong Foo Secretary of Shanghai (Rotary club), a member of last year’s (RI) Board.  But Rotarian Fitch is a distinguished Rotarian in his own right.  He has lived in China most of his life and for many years has been in charge of the extensive Y.M.C.A. work in that country. … Without him, (Rotary) progress in China   

would have been far less impressive.    

                        Peregrinations II p20 People

            (Note)  In1943, when I met George  the China-Japanese War had forced him to settle in Chungqing where he served as the local Rotary club president.

            “His (Rotary International Director Amos Squires author of ‘Sing Sing Doctor) story describes his revulsion against all methods which are predicated upon the theory of punishment.  Rotarians Amos and George are practical men, not theorists or dreamers. We learn from Amos’ book that 78,000 prisoners were executed in England in the reign of Henry the Eighth and that there were during that period 200 capital offences including the theft of any article exceeding five shillings in value, that the number of  offenses was reduced time and again for the reason that juries simply would not find offenders guilty.  In other words, the laws were so inhuman that they would not work.  Past methods seem unconscionable, almost inconceivable to us of this generations.  What will future generations think of ours. 

                        Peregrinations Vol. II p126 People

            (Note)  An excellent  question to end this fourth  section.  

          CULTURE AND ECONOMICS             

          “What have I gleaned from our experiences of the past few months?  Much, for instance, I am convinced that the tempo of life is too furious for our own good, in my country.  There is too much excitement, too many ups and downs, too little reflection and repose.  If Oriental composure could be judiciously mixed with American ambition and idealism I am sure that we would be better for it.  We need more cultural education in proportion to technological education; more leisure and American patterns for its wise use.  In other words, I think we need better balance.  A well-ordered mind is a possession more valued than unlimited riches.”

                   Peregrinations II p189 Culture and Economics

            (Note)  This paragraph  surprises me.  In 1935, at least  a  quarter of Americans had too much leisure , called  unemployment.  I like the sentiment,, but not the timing.

          “My Hawaiian friends thought that there were no present indications of the presence of either physical or mental decadence, that on the contrary, there was every indication that climate conditions which operated so favorably in the vegetable kingdom could also be relied upon to operate favorably in the animal kingdom, that, the human animal did not thrive because of ice and snow but rather in spite of them.

            “That set me back considerable, I fear that I have at times been guilty of boasting of my New England breeding.  Maybe after all blizzards are better to look back on than to encounter. … I don’t remember ever having met anyone to object to being comfortable.”

                        Peregrinations Vol. II p41 Culture and Economics

            (Note)  Paul’s contemporary Arnold Toynbee, published a ten volume “A Study of History”  in which  he agreed with Paul’s original concept of civilization.  Toynbee pointed out the nascent civilizations in low and high latitudes became arrested for going too slow.   Hawaii lies above the tropics. 

                “The United States, being an agricultural country as well as industrial, does not rank among Argentina’s best customers, though under the present treaty considerable amounts of agricultural produce succeed in surmounting the barriers.  It is not difficult to understand why North Americans are not so popular in the wheat, corn and cattle countries of South America as they are in the coffee producing countries, where we occupy the enviable position of being the best customer.  The feeling in Argentina is not improved by the fact that Argentines need North American farm machinery, automobiles, typewriter, sewing machines, etc.”

                                    Peregrinations Vol. III p132 Culture and Economics

            “Not knowing (Aberdeen Rotary Club) Vice President Baker’s address President  Webster announced his purpose to make inquiry of a group of young people who we were about to pass.  As the group was on my side of the road, I lowered the window and was about to make inquiry, when President Webster in manifest perturbation said ’Don’t you speak to them, your American accent will frighten them.’

            “I had found the clue;  it was not the accent, but the association of ideas; his sense of decency had been so frequently outraged by American pictures, that even so inoffensive an American accent had become anathema to him.  After having seen that picture in Edinburgh I feel it was small wonder that he could not sleep at night.”

                        GB and South Africa p30 Culture and Economics 

          “There is no denying the fact that Americans are not held in high esteem aboard;  that is expressing it mildly.  How can we ever expect to be held in high respect when we, through the most potential advertising instrumentality on earth, the motion picture, proclaims ourselves indecent?  If I come back to America with one belief sunk more deeply than all the others, it is the belief that we are the  world’s worst advertisers’”

                        GB and South Africa  p31 Culture and Economics

            (Note)  A couple of decades ago, when able  to roam  the world, I would say, “I’m from Chicago, but at present living near Nashville.”   Often I found that Al :Scarface” Capone still tainted Chicago.  They  generally felt proud to know someone from Nashville.

          “We soon discovered that our sumptuous cabin and bath N.142 on the  Santa Elena, which had been especially selected near the center of the ship because of Jean’s susceptibility to sea sickness, had been sold out from under us through a blunder on the part of employees of the Grace Line, with the result that we had to take quarters in a  cubby hole in the bow of the ship.”

                        Peregrinations Vol. III  p41 Culture and Economics

            “It was bad enough to have the bottom knocked out from under us in our contracts with the Grace Line, the only line conducting schedule passenger service down the west coast of South America; it was more than aggravating to learn we were to be let down a second time by the same company. … We, in common with others whom we have learned, were victims of mismanagement in their passenger service, which seems to be deserving somebody’s attention, and the fact that these boats  are liberally subsidized points to the conclusion that the ’somebody’ is to be found in Washington D.C.. 

            “Subsidies tend, of course, to create monopolies and monopolies tend to create indifference and even arrogance.  Do I mean subsidies are unjustifiable?  No, without subsidies our merchant marine presumably would disappear, but I do mean that subsidized shipping should be subjected to close and competent supervision to the end that travelers get the service intended.”

                        Peregrinations Vol. III  p43 Culture and Economics

            “After rounding Cape Hatteras the storm increased in intensity, … The Captain, preferring safety to speed, turned the nose of the Santa Elena into the wind and idled along slightly off course, which maneuver resulted in our in our being thrown twelve hours off schedule.” 

                        Peregrinations Vol. III  p43 Culture and Economics

                (Note)  In a storm the helmsman always steers into the wind, that is, into the waves.  Otherwise, the vessel  falling into a trough  will make the passengers very miserable.   My first three days in the Navy, October 1940, in the USS Arkansas , in a same location storm, I learned that practical lesson. from a petty  officer helmsman.  

                “The average Rotarian is a businessmen.  In this day of strenuous effort and fierce competition, he must give anxious thought to the existence of the business of which he is in charge.  He must do so in justice to those who have entrusted him with their savings; in justice for his employees who are dependent upon him for their daily wage; also justice to his wife and children who are dependent upon his efforts for their livelihood.  He is beset on all sides by rising taxes, government regulations, demands of charities, labor unions and not infrequently by racketeers of one kind and another.  He is the producer who must carry the heaviest burden, the focal center of contending forces.  Is it strange that he sometimes breaks under the stress?”

                        Peregrinations Vol. III p203 Culture and Economics

                (Note)   1937, a year of a mini-depression within the great depression, a time of great stress.

            “When I was a boy I took it for granted that everyone wanted to be rich and those who did not try to get rich were lazy.  The best families in our country seat associated with the best families only and their foundations seemed so well laid that nothing could shake them. .

                “To live wisely is neither to live avariciously nor lazily;  it is to live unselfishly.  We have an interesting task before us, that of making this world a better place to live in.  Swollen fortunes far more frequently lead to disaster than to the happiness expected of them; disaster not only those who create them, but even more certainly to sons and daughters whose interests they were intended to serve.

            “What tragedy that the invaluable privileges of home and fireside are so frequently the price paid for so-called success in business.  He who pays such a price lives a sacrificial life.”

                        Peregrinations Vol. III p205 Culture and Economics

            “If our great American bankers, who have made fabulous loans in foreign countries, intend to raise further sums in the United States for conversions of blighted areas of great cities, why, oh why, will they not consider the wants of my little burg lying near the southwest corner of Lake Michigan.  I have visited some of the slum districts of Europe, but never have I seen anything to compare in ugliness with our own ’ghetto’ and our own ’Back of the Yards’.”       

                        Europe 1932 p8 Culture and Economics 

                “In both continents (North and South American) the European invaders subjugated the Indian tribes or drove them out of the territory which they chose to appropriate.

            “Lord Bryce (The American Commonwealth) found … the racial stocks of the pioneers were entirely different, one class coming largely from the northern countries of Europe, the other from the southern.  The immigrants to North  America were from the middle classes and expected to become permanent settlers; to enjoy religious liberty and equality of opportunity.  They believed in a constitutional form of government and intended to establish institutions on plans of their own, free from the control of European sovereignties. The prevailing religion  was Protestant.

            “Many of the first voyagers to the South American continent were of the upper classes, and they had no intention at the time of breaking with the monarchial form of government or religion.  They expected to establish Catholicism in the conquered territory.”

                        Peregrinations III p22 Culture and Economics

            (Note)   There is a high  probability that  Paul had also read the well known work ‘RELIION AND THE RISE OF CAPITALISM”  by R.H. Tawney of the University of London. 

            “Columbians were aware of its (Panama Canal) possibilities, and we still feel that we might have managed to finance the undertaking somehow; but valuable or not valuable, it was part of Columbia and we (The Royal we?) contend its integrity should have been preserved.  What would the people of the United States have thought if European powers had fomented the rebellion of the confederacy for the purpose of insuring themselves of uninterrupted supplies of tobacco and cotton at stipulated prices.”

                        Peregrinations III p49 Culture and Economics

                (Note)  Remember the California Senator who stated , “We should keep the canal, we stole it fair and square.”

            “It is quite clear the  Doctor (Kerkwood) is intelligent, sincere and equipped with the spirit of discontent and unrest, without which  progress is impossible; but it is too frequently the case that business men who have had experience in management of important business enterprises are content to listen patiently to the theories of professional men who have not had such experience.  However, the conflict between experience and theory is as old as civilization and will doubtless continue, experience now exposing the errors of theory and theory now exposing the errors of experience.”

                        Peregrinations Vol. II  p127 Culture and Economics

            “Heterogeneity is not, however, without its compensations.  Where men of diverse racial backgrounds come together, they must learn the art of compromise or perish.  Ideas of which are fittest to survive do survive- eventually.  Pride of opinion is not so strong, and seldom interferes permanently with progress.  If I may be permitted to refer to our law office in Chicago for an illustration, I will say that we have never found it necessary to impose racial conditions.

            “If there is any place where opportunities of dissension are especially numerous it is a law office and I believe our office has profited rather than suffered from its heterogeneity.  … Realizing the necessity of tolerance and forbearance, it has been established as the order of the day.  Fred Reinhart, Rotarian, one of my partners, recently reported that not one unkind word had been spoken in the office for years.

            “The offices of Rotary International (also) afford a superb object lesson.”

                        Peregrinations II p89 Culture and Economics

            (Note)  Paul uses race and class loosely.

            “It is possible to be too business-like at times.  Business is an excellent servant, but not the best master.  Little touches of sentiment here and there set life aglow.”

                        Peregrinations Vol. III p105 Culture and Economics

            “The papers read  at  Melbourne were of high class and surely must have been carefully prepared.  I very much doubt whether an equal number of busy American business men could have prepared equally good papers; it requires practice.  I am certain they would not.  Few  American business men take their writing seriously.

            “The British people in general seem more given to writing.  They express themselves clearly, thoughtfully and painstakingly when dealing with serious subjects, and they can write airily when occasions call for it.

            “I asked, ‘How is it then that English business men seem to write more readily than American business men’.  His answer was ‘It is not so much a question of education as it is a question of leisure; it takes time to learn how to use leisure.  The American business men has known so little of it that it is strange to him.  It is hoped that it will not always be so.’”

                        Peregrinations Vol. II p97 Culture and Economics

            ‘’I wish they (visitors)  might know that American educators in increasing numbers realize that the high purpose of education is the enrichment of life and not the development of increased capacity to make money. … I wish they might know men of the Civilian Conservation Corps, consisting of 365,000 young men mobilized in the squalid parts of our great cities and sent out into the open spaces to gain a new perspective through contact with nature and enthrone beauty as queen, to be worshiped by 125,000,000 living Americans and untold to come.”

                        Peregrinations Vol. III p176 Culture and Economics                 

            (Note)  The CCC also replanted vast areas of vacant woodland that had been raped by the logging companies.  They, too, worked on  flood  control, soil erosion projects and perhaps most obviously, built numerous national park facilities.     

            “We must exercise due care lest we be unconsciously led to conclude that people who outstrip the rest of the world in the height of their buildings also outstrip all others in the height of their thinking.

            “It might be better for all of us if first impressions of North America to be gained by South American or other visitors, related to our educational and cultural advancements, rather than to our commercial and industrial achievements, which are better known.” 

                        Peregrinations Vol. III p19 Culture and Economics

            “Ugliness is not necessarily inherent in sky scrapers.  No one would think of apologizing for Cleopatra’ Needle nor for the Washington’s Monument at the National Capital.  Some think that buildings must be of uniform height in order to be beautiful.  How come?  The Supreme Architect did not make mountains of uniform height, nor trees, women or men.  All are in endless variety.  It would be easy for cities of the New World to slavishly follow old world patterns in everything, but to do so would be to shirk responsibility.”

                        Peregrinations Vol. III p163 Culture and Economics

            “Have conditions of buildings, streets and alleys of a city anything other than esthetic significance?  Is there any relationship between misery and crime?  The so-called ‘crime map’ of the city of Chicago recently made the statement that there is; the breeding places of crime are the neglected districts.  A student of sociological conditions of Chicago recently made the statement that the mark of squalid surroundings is stamped on the faces of men, women, children and even dogs;  that the renovations of the squalid districts of our city would literally clean up crime, as a well-soaped mop cleans a kitchen floor.”

                        Peregrinations Vol. III p128 Culture and Economics

            “Our brief sojourn in Perth (Scotland)  gave us an opportunity of seeing some of the famed beauty spots, the most outstanding of which were two famed recreational parks where every form of athletic activity for young and old was indulged in. If equally accessible fields were opened up in all of the cities of the United States, I am convinced that crime would diminish sixty percent.  If my estimate is correct, or nearly so, who is responsible for the wave of crime which has swept over us, the Capone's and the Dillingers, or the supposedly respectable element, whose personal requirements are high and public spirit low?

                        GB and South Africa 1934 p30 Culture and Economics

            (Note)   April 1941, I suggested to the Hawaiian Rotary District Conference that they could reach a critical mass of young people through building recreational facilities and sponsoring teams.  They reacted positively.  Seven months later came “Pearl Harbor”.  In 1919, Ches Perry took a Bill Lear from an inner city Boys Club sponsored by Rotary, as his office boy in the Rotary International Secretary’s office.  Bill later organized the famous Learjet  Company.  He learned grammar by listening to Ches.

                “Of all the social welfare activities in the city (Oslo) the most impressive was that of providing housing for the working classes.  As is the modern custom in Europe, the housing developments consist of colossal apartment buildings.  Reasonable provisions are, never the less, made for light, air and playgrounds, and frequently communal gardens to be seen.

            ‘If a contrast can be fairly drawn between the welfare in Norway and welfare in the United States, it seems to me that welfare work in the United States is directed more to the help of the helpless than in Norway and less to those that might possibly help themselves.                     

                        Peregrinations Vol. III p125 Culture and Economics

            “The meeting at The Hague and the meetings the following day in Amsterdam would have gladdened the heart of anyone interested in Rotary.  For three days I was the quest of Anton (Verkade, the father of Dutch Rotary) who exhibited to me a practical demonstration of the spirit of Rotary in the thousand workers which he has literally gathered about him; his own home is in the midst of his factories and among the homes of his workers.”

                        Europe 1928 p7 Culture and Economics

            ‘The writer (Paul) believes that public service will soon be taught in our universities, colleges and high schools and that it will be considered the most important of all vocations making for the common weal.  He is sure, however, that it will not be taught in a manner conflicting with the melting pot principle, that it will be taught in a manner which will vouchsafe to all American citizens, regardless of the questions of forbears, the rights and privileges which are theirs under the constitution.”

                        Peregrinations Vol. II p14 Culture and Economics

            “We must not think of our friends from South Americans procrastinating and inefficient.  They move with remarkable speed and determinations when they have some definite objective in mind.  Chicago, a city of three and one-half million inhabitants, has for many years been trying to evolve a plan for a subway which will be satisfactory

to the various groups which are especially interested.  In the meanwhile Buenos Aires, a city of two and one-half million, has reconciled its divergent elements and have built three subways.”

                        Peregrinations Vol. III p113 Culture and Economics

            “We are leaving a truly great and progressive city, (Buenos Aires) one that is building with eye to beauty; but its excellent subway system is testimony of the fact that the practical has not been overlooked.  It would be enlightening to note the dispatch of their building; when I think of the difficulties that Chicago has encountered during the past forty years on getting Daniel Burnham’s ’City Beautiful’ plan under way.”

                        Peregrinations Vol. III p113 Culture and Economics

            (Note)  Montgomery Ward  (Department Store) battled valiantly against a  down town (Loop)  business man majority to save  Burnhams’s  lake front  Grant Park.  The majority wanted to cover the lake shore with buildings .  More than a century ago,  Ward thought he had won the fight for Grant Park.  Rumbles of controversy  are still  heard. 

                “One way to judge a people is by their interest in recreational facilities for their youth.  Measured by this yard stick, New Zealand is in the vanguard, with a total area little more than of Great Britain, New Zealand had more than six hundred thousand acres of public domain and national parks, a great heritage for future generations.

            “The public domain on both North and South islands constitutes a sportsman’s paradise.  Rainbow trout of great size team in the waters of lakes and rivers.  Ten pounders occasion no comment.  Zane Grey (novelist of our west)  endeared himself to all of the sport-loving fraternity of New Zealand by his admiration of their lakes and by his high sense of sportsmanship.  He was a true ambassador of good will.”

                                Peregrinations Vol. II p149 Culture and Economics

                “While in New Zealand, prior to the meeting of the Travel Club, I had been frequently asked in the spirit of criticism why the United States would not buy New Zealand lambs, wool , butter and other agricultural products.  I told them that naturally we could not buy commodities of which we ourselves ordinarily have a surplus; that it would not be reasonable of them to expect us to do so; that we were at the time ’hiring’ farmers, not to produce, but to limit production.”

                        Peregrinations Vol. II p160 Culture and Economics   

            “Does this (abating the smoke nuisance) mean that I believe that  Australians and New Zealanders have better faculties for living together in peace and harmony, than people in my country?  No, except in matters which are not in their nature divisive.  Take smoke as an example.  No one has any sympathy with smoke;  it is a homogeneous people, and it is an easy mater to mobilize public opinion against a common enemy, smoke, and against anyone and everyone who aids and abets the nuisance.”

                        Peregrinations Vol. II p89 Culture and Economics 

            “The State lottery is one of the most popular sports and it has attained such gigantic proportions in Argentina, that betting has become almost a disease.  The capital prizes are huge sums of money, the varies piker plays his stake for the big money, giving scant attention to the far more numerous  small prizes.  In the untold number of cases, small betters glance at the headlines in the newspapers, which announces the winners of the big prizes, utterly oblivious to the announcement of the many smaller prizes in the lists.  The result is that the accumulation of uncalled for winnings reaches fabulous figures in the aggregate. … The governments subsidizes asylums, hospitals and many other welfare institutions from the profits of the lottery.”     

                        Peregrinations Vol. III p140 Culture and Economics

            “The building of the railroad connecting the Brazilian cities (Santos and Sao Paulo) is a triumph of British engineering skill and organizational ability, of which Britons may well be proud.  …  How the enormous expenditure could have been justified seems at first a problems.  The answer is coffee, and one might add the statement that most of it goes to the United States. … Can it be worth the price?  Ask any coffee lover and the answer will be ’Yes, at any price.”

                        Peregrinations III p173 Culture and Economics

            “When travelers learn of the important part the United States plays in the exploitation of the natural resources of the countries of the western coast of South America, they are given to wonder why more of it is not done by South American companies.  Several reasons are most frequently mentioned, among them; the commanding positions of North America schools of technology; the organizational ability and cooperative spirit of North American industrialists which makes it possible to draw the capital of many investors into large pools and, through the use of such capital, conduct enterprises on the mammoth scale necessary to success in competing with other capitalized companies in the markets of the world.”

                        Peregrinations Vol. III p95 Culture and Economics

            “Moreover, South Americans are apt students.  They now have technological institutes of their own and graduation from their schools is a requisite to practice in engineering.”

                        Peregrinations Vol. III p97 Culture and Economics

            “In Lima, at the intersection of the boulevard, on which we were traveling, and another thoroughfare, we saw an interesting sight.  It was a monument crowned with a wrecked automobile.  On the base of the monument a phrase in Spanish had been carved.  At our request our friends translated it.  It read, ’He who walks one step at a time travels far’”

                        Peregrinations Vol. III p81 Culture and Economics 

            “Breakfast is the first meal taken outside one’s room, and it may be taken any time and anywhere. … All functions begin later than the scheduled time, the time element didn’t seem to enter into consideration. …  I was reminded of the English expression ’How goes the enemy?’  Which means ’What time is it?’ Time may be the enemy of Nordic people, but it certainly is not permitted to enslave, intimidate or even worry Latin Americans.”       

                        Peregrinations Vol. III p110 Culture and Economics

            “As we approached Sao Paulo, a city of one million inhabitants, we saw many new manufacturing buildings, some of which bore the familiar names of North American manufacturers.  We were surprised to see them in a locations which in the U.S.A. would have been reserved for residential purposes.  The intentions was to keep manufacturing with its noise and air-pollution outside the city.”

                        Peregrinations Vol. III p175 Culture and Economics

            (Note)  A reason I put “Culture and Economics “ together.

            ‘I  might add for the benefit of  South American friends that some of our newest manufacturing plants in outlying districts are surprising in the architectural beauty of the buildings and the exquisite effects of the landscaping on the grounds.  Of one thing I am sure and that is that the squalid districts of the North American cities will soon give way to modern factories, business houses, parks and play grounds, and that new structures will be build in conformity with rules of hygiene and on approved architectural lines.”

                        Peregrinations Vol. III p188 Culture and Economics

            “We were met at the station by almost the usual number of Rotarians and driven to a comfortable but not overly-luxurious hotel, the Continental, where a  small but convenient suite had been arranged for.  The Rotarians of Buenos Aires had on their own initiative made tentative arrangements for us at a much more luxurious hotel, and some of our advisors thought that nothing short of the best attainable would be compatible with the dignity of Rotary and the expectations of the Rotarians of Buenos Aires.  We thought, however, that the prestige of the movement would not suffer materially in the estimation of our South American friends if we followed our own naturally simple tastes and at the same time conserve the resources of the organization in which we all are so deeply interested.”

                        Peregrinations Vol. III p125 Culture and Economics 

            “Argentina papers are somewhat antagonistic to the United States, and the news service is said to feature the sensational events in our country rather than the cultural.  … If this is true, our own news-gathering agencies have made themselves at least partly responsible through their adherence to the policy of giving their customers what he wants as long as he is willing to pay for it.  In fact, it has been claimed that certain news-gathering frequently color the news to suit the tastes of their customers and in some cases have deliberately faked stories of crimes and violence, thus betraying their country for a few shekels.

            “If our own newspapers feature stories of abnormalities in the cities of the United States and relegate to inside pages stories of education and cultural developments, we cannot complain if the South American publishers do likewise.  To put it in other words, we cannot expect them to be more careful of our good name than we are ourselves.  If they take our own appraisal of relative importance of news events, how can take  offense? “.

                        Peregrinations  Vol. III p134  Culture and Economics

            “One morning early in our stay, an immigration official of the Columbian Government called for the propose of making a formal investigation of our right to remain in the country.  We were afterward informed that a special dispensation had been made in our favor.  Ordinarily, it is necessary for visitors to go to the official, instead of him coming to the visitor.  However, if the official had made the unusual concessions in calling us, he certainly is not subject to the charge of having neglected any detail after his arrival.  For a long time we were held under grueling examinations and cross examinations.

            “I have traveled in nearly every part of the world and it remained for Bogata to initiate me into the society of suspects.”

                        Peregrinations Vol. III p71 Culture and Economics

            “The astonishing thing to me was the fact that somehow a  center of education and culture has been established high up in the Andes and that such  a city had been made the capital (Bogata) of the country at a time when mule power was the only method of covering considerable of the distance which separated the capital from seaport towns.

            “Fancy our President and his cabinet, our members of congress, and the supreme court having to cross even on  the comparatively low Alleghenies en route to Washington on the backs of mules.

            Even granting for the purpose of argument that it would be a salutary provision if some law makers were required to go to Washington mule back or not at all, we should all agree it would be hard on the mules.”

                        Peregrinations Vol. III p65 Culture and Economics 

            ‘The final meeting (Buenos Aires) there were no speeches.  Opposite us at the large elliptical table, sat two American business men, said to be among the most important American executives in South America.  I knew them both, admired them and was proud of them as representatives of America.  I would not know where to look to find more worthy.  It seemed to me that they were ambassadors of good will.

            “During the last luncheon in Buenos Aires, the thought that we in Rotary are singularly blessed in the opportunity to blaze the trail toward better understandings, came to me afresh and with renewed vigor.”

                        Peregrinations Vol. III p161 Culture and Economics          

            “If the beauty spots along the super highways of the United States could have  the advantage of hostelries of the character of the Beaufort Arms, touring by  automobile would become America’s foremost pastime and I am convinced, attract many  from foreign parts.”

                        GB and Great Britain 1934 p12 Culture and Economics

            (Note)  Economies to scale  augers ill for this suggestion. .

            “When we arrived at the front door of the ‘Bull’ we occasioned considerable excitement.  Manifestly the beginning of March was not a time to expect American visitors.  “The hotel seemed to us, accustomed as we were to warm houses, frightfully cold and damp, and the fact, that it was eight hundred years old helped not a whit.

Had I the gift of a poet, I would try to describe the grateful warmth of the English hot water bottle and its affect on us in our beds that night in the ancient ’Bull’.  The open doors and windows, customary winter and summer in English houses, no longer disturbs us.”

                        GB and South Africa 1934 p3 Culture and Economics

            “I hope that my friends will not think me disloyal to my own country when I venture the assertion that the finest homes in the world are British homes.  If there is one institution above all others which I would have incorporated in our own  civilization and what is there more sacred than the home.  If life is more than business, our homes should be more than conveniently accessible modern apartments.

                        Europe 1932 p4 Culture and Economics                                                             

                (Note)   “Comley  Bank” , Paul’s far south west side Chicago approaches that of  a minor league  mansion.

            “The cultural correlation of the mammoth industrial plant in the U.S.A. is the mammoth university.  Do I hear someone remark that mass production methods can never be successfully adapted to cultural pursuits?  I must admit that I am ill prepared to debate the question.  I am somewhat of the old school myself.  There is something delightful about the old idea of higher educations, which someone clothed in the imperishable words ’Mark Hopkins sitting on one end of a log and a student on the other.’

            “Verily this is a changing world, and who dares to prophesy is either brave or a reckless man.”

                        Peregrinations Vol. III p200 Culture and Economics 

            “The philosophy of achievement is often more material than spiritual; it frequently exalts business above life, and however serviceable it may be as a business philosophy, it leaves a void in the other areas.  The philosophy of beauty is a philosophy of life, in its entirety; it views business as a means to an end, not the end in itself.  Life is more than mere rustling about and doing of things. There must be time for reflection, contemplation, study and cultivating of the esthetic.

            “It is an unfortunate state of affairs when technological advancement outstrips cultural advancement.”

                                    Peregrinations Vol. III p199 Culture and Economics 

            (Note)   The 28 April, 2008 Chicago  Tribune reports  that MBA students  voted that an excellent workforce and strong  customer service make up the two most vital components of a well-run firm.  Also, 78% considered strong ethics and values integral to a company’s performance.  Do any of the 22% contemplate indulging in white collar crime ?  Ethics, although no mention of  esthetics, would go a long  way toward  Paul’s desires.  And , a  recent spate of prison terms for top managers has enlightened a sizable majority of business students.

                “ (A)ll I can say is that it has immense appeal to two beauty loving foreigners who hope some way will eventually be found in which the charms of life in the country can be practically combined with the advantages of city life.  It is not as easy getting away from horse and buggy thinking as it is to get away from the horse and buggy.”

                        Peregrinations Vol. II p117 Culture and Economics

            “There are, however, to be seen in Manila many things in which America can well take pride.  I, a Chicagoan, am especially proud of the fact, that the immortal Daniel Burnham, author of the ‘Chicago Beautiful’ plan, was the architect called upon by the United States government to convert Manila unkempt and unsanitary into Manila beautiful and healthful.  The work done by the United States government before turning it over to the Republic of Cuba was duplicated in Manila.”

                        Peregrinations  Vol. II p70 Culture and Economics

            When manufacturers of the Western World encounter the competition of Japan, they attribute the success of Japanese manufacturing to lower wage scales and lower standards of living.  With respect to lower wage scales they are undoubtedly right, but as to lower standards of living, that is another matter.  Can people whose illiteracy is among the lowest, unemployment is almost nil, whose physical and mental vigor is vibrant, whose faces are fairly alight with the joy of living, be fairly charged with having a lower standard of living?”   

                        Peregrinations II p54 Culture and Economics

            “It seemed like going into a strange world this journey across the Polish corridor, and Lithuania into Latvia.  Riga is about twenty-one hours distant from Berlin.  The agricultural operations in Lithuania as seen from the car windows were conducted almost entirely by women.  Where the men were, I know not.  Maybe it was ‘man’s’ day and they were enjoying a rest.  The landscape brightens as we entered Latvia.  Men were at work in the field and the land was better cultivated.”

                        Europe 1932 p12 Culture and Economics

            “Economists seem to agree that the total exports, visible and invisible, should offset imports, but not run far behind them.  This does not, I take it, mean that each country should buy in proportion to its sales to each and every country of the world; but rather huge balances of trade in favor of a country is not likely to prove of permanent advantage.  Fortunately international trade is not the only available means of increasing national wealth.  In the case of the United States, international trade, though important, is a small item compared with trade within our borders.”

                        Peregrinations Vol. III p133 Culture and Economics

            (Note)   Since  Paul wrote  this, we have become the world’s greatest borrower.

\\                         “Johannesburg (Joburg, as it is familiarly called) has a population of six hundred thousands and an elevation of six thousand feet.  In some respect it reminds me of Denver.  The gold mines in and about the city were working full blast as a result of the purchases which were being made by the United States Government.  It’s an ill wind that blows no one good.  One thing only mars the beauty of Johannesburg, that is a succession of ponderous refuge heaps around the mouths of the gold mines.  How to convert there heaps into things of beauty is a problem which is engaging the attention of the esthetic minded people of the gold city.”

                        GB and South Africa 1934 p23 Culture and Economics

            (Note)  The United States government  had gone off the gold standard, continued to buy it , then promptly buried it  in Fort Knox.  The gold, or any other commodity money, standard  works poorly.  It lacks flexibility in a rising economy. 

                (In Chile)  “Hundreds of nitrate manufacturing plants in the form of gigantic birds accommodatingly ground up fish gathered from nearby waters of the Pacific Ocean and converted them into nitrates which they deposited at places convenient for the use of them.  Not only were the gigantic birds doing it then, but had been doing it for a million years.  … The silly birds, not yet heard of the economic disarrangement, continued to manufacture the nitrates in the same old-fashioned way. … The result is that the world market is glutted.”

                        Peregrinations Vol. III p98 Culture and Economics

                (Note)   Paul’s last paragraph  represents good economic history.  And, that is NO QUANO!

1 May 2008